“Segmentation of the Pre-Processed Image Using the Nonparametric Confidence Interval Algorithm Using the Kernel Density Estimator ” (2025) Journal of Al-Rafidain University College For Sciences ( Print ISSN: 1681-6870 ,Online ISSN: 2790-2293 ), 56(1), pp. 54–60. doi:10.55562/jrucs.v56i1.5.