Using Multivariate Gray Model to Predict CO2 Emissions and People Using Safely Managed Sanitation Services

Abstract

When there is little information available regarding the phenomenon being examined, gray models (GM) are typically used, and univariate models GM (1,1) are typically used when there is only one variable. In this paper, multivariate gray prediction models GM (1,N) will be used, and the bivariate gray model GM (1,2) was employed as a particular instance. The two environmental variables that were examined in Iraq between 2000 and 2019 were carbon dioxide emissions and people using safely managed sanitation services.